Polymer Profiles: An Overview

Polymer Profiles An Overview4.4. POLYMER PROFILESHydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC)Synonyms Cellulose Hydroxypropyl methyl ether functional CategoryRelease retardant, Coating purpose it used, film-former, suspending agent, stabilizing agent, tablet ligature and viscousness change magnitude agent.pharmaceutic applicationHydroxypropylmethylcellulose is widely used in oral formulations. It is used in contain solution of 2-20 % w/w in tablet cover of tablets. In aqueous coating low viscosity grades of Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose in aqueous coating solution used while higher viscosity grades are used with organic solvents. It is withal used as a suspending and thickening agent in local formulations.CARBOPOLSynonyms Acritamer acrylic acid polymer Carbopol carboxy polymethylene, polyacrylic acid carboxyvinyl polymer Pemulen Ultrezsolvability Carbopol is soluble in water, alcohol and glycerin.Functional Category Bio adhesive, emulsifying agent, release- modifying agent, Suspending agent, tablet tying, viscosity-increasing agent.Pharmaceutical Applications In tablet formulations, Carbomer are used as dry or peeved tyings and as a rate controlling Excepient. In wet granulation processes, water or an alcoholwater blend is used as the granulating fluid. anhydrous organic solvents have in addition been used, with the inclusion of a polymeric tying. The tackiness of the wet mass can be reduced with the addition of certain cationic species to the granulating fluid.POLYMETHACRYLATESDescription Polymethacrylates are synthetic cationic and anionic polymers of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylates, methacrylic acid, and methacrylic acid esters in varying ratios. Several different types are commercially available and may be obtained as the dry powder, as an aqueous dispersion, or as an organic solution.Functional Category Film former,tablet binder,enteric coating polymerTable 1.8. Solubility and Applications in Pharmaceutical Formulation or TechnologyTypeSupply formReco mmended solventsSolubility/ permeabilityApplicationsEudragit RL100GranulesAcetone, AlcoholsHigh permeabilitySustained releaseEudragit RS 100GranulesAcetone, AlcoholsLow permeabilitySustained releaseEudragit RS POPowderAcetone, AlcoholsLow permeabilitySustained releaseGLYCERYL BEHENATESynonyms Compritol 888 ATO 2,3-dihydroxypropyldocosanoate docosanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester glycerol behenate glyceryl monobehenate tribehenin.Functional Category Coating agent tablet binder tablet and envelop lubricant.Pharmaceutical Applications In pharmaceutical formulations, glyceryl behenate is mainly used as a tablet and envelop lubricant and as a lipidic coating Excepient. It has been investigated for use in the preparation of sustained release tablets, and as a matrix- forming agent for the controlled release of water-soluble drugs.SODIUM ALGINATESynonyms Algin alginic acid, sodium salt Kelcosol Keltone Protanal sodium polymannuronate.Functional Category change agent Suspending agent tablet and capsule Disintegrant tablet binder viscosity-increasing agent.Pharmaceutical Applications In tablet formulations, sodium alginate may be used as both a binder and Disintegrant It has been used as a thinner in capsule formulations. Sodium alginate has also been used in the preparation of sustained-release oral formulations since it can delay the dissolution of a drug from tablets, capsules, and aqueous suspensions.CHITOSAN Synonyms 2-Amino-2-deoxy-(1,4)--D-glucopyranan,deacetylatedchitin,Chemical Name Poly--(1, 4)-2-Amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose.Functional Category Coating agent, film-forming agent, Mucoadhesive tablet binder and viscosity-increasing agent.Applications It is used as a component of sustained release dosage form mucoadhesive dosage forms.XANTHAN GUMSynonyms Corn sugar gum, Keltrol, Rhodigel, Vanzan NF, Xantural.Functional Category Stabilizing agent suspending agent viscosity-increasing agent.Pharmaceutical Applications Used in cosmetic and foods as a suspending and stabilizing agent. Although primarily used as a suspending agent, Xanthan gum has also been used to prepare sustained-release matrix tablets.GUAR GUMSynonyms Galactosol gaurflour jaguar gum meprogat meyprodor.Chemical name Galactomannan polysaccharide.Functional Category Suspending agent, Tablet binder, Tablet disintegrant,Viscosity increasing agent.Applications in Pharmaceutical Technology Used in solid dosage forms as a binder (up to 10%) and disintegrant. Used in oral and topical products as a suspending, thickening (up to 2.5%) and stabilizing agent (1%).Used in colon targeted drug delivery systems. Also, used in cosmetic and food products. POLY VINYL PYRROLIDINE (PVP)SynonymsKollidonPlasdonepoly1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylene polyvidonepolyvinylpyrrolidone PVP 1-vinyl-2- pyrrolidine polymer.Functional Category Disintegrant dissolution aid suspending agent tablet binder.Pharmaceutical Applications Primarily used in solid-dosage form. In tableting, Povidone solutions are use d as binders in wet-granulation processes. Povidone is also added to powder blends in the dry form and granulated in situ by the addition of water, alcohol, or hydro alcoholic solutions. Carrier for drugs 10-25% of solution is used and in berth of tablet binder, coating agent it is used in 0.5-5%.TALCSynonyms Altalc hydrous magnesium calcium silicate hydrous magnesium silicate Luzenac Luzenac Pharma magnesium hydrogen metasilicate Magsil genus Osmanthus Magsil Star powdered talc purified French chalk Purtalc soapstone steatite Superiore.Functional Category Anticaking agent Glidant tablet and capsule thinner tablet and capsule lubricant.Pharmaceutical Applications Talc was once widely used in oral solid dosage formulations as a lubricant and diluent, although today it is less usually used. However, it is widely used as a dissolution retardant in the development of controlled- release product.AEROSIL (COLLOIDAL SILICON DIOXIDE)Synonyms Colloidal silica fumed silica spark anhydrous silicic acid silicic anhydride silicon dioxide fumed.Functional Category Adsorbent Anticaking agent emulsion stabilizer Glidant suspending agent tablet Disintegrant thermal stabilizer viscosity-increasing agent.Pharmaceutical Applications Its fiddling particle size and large specific surface area give it desirable flow characteristics that are exploited to improve the flow properties of dry powders in a number of processes such as tableting. Colloidal silicon dioxide is also used as a tablet Disintegrant and as an adsorbent dispersing agent for liquids in powders. used to stabilize emulsions and as a thixotropic thickening and suspending agent in gels and semisolid preparationsMAGNESIUM STEARATESynonyms Metallic stearate, Magnesium salt.Functional Category Tablet and capsule lubricant, Glidant, Anti-Adherent.Pharmaceutical Applications Tablet and capsule lubricant, Glidant, Anti-Adherent.MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE (MCC)Synonyms Avicel PH Celex cellulose gel Celphere Ceolus KG crys talline cellulose E460 Emcocel Ethispheres Fibrocel Pharmacel Tabulose Vivapur.Functional Category Adsorbent suspending agent tablet and capsule diluent tablet disintegrant.Applications in Pharmaceutical Formulation or TechnologyMicrocrystalline cellulose is widely used in pharmaceuticals, primarily as a binder/diluent in oral tablet and capsule formulations where it is used in both wet-granulation and direct compression processes. In addition to its use as a binder/diluent, microcrystalline cellulose also has some lubricant and disintegrant properties that make it useful in tableting.